Uso do estudo urodinâmico por ginecologistas e urologistas no Brasil / Use of the urodynamic study by gynecologists and urologists in Brazil

Objetivo: O estudo urodinâmico (EUD) é um conjunto de exames que estuda o armazenamento e o esvaziamento da urina e é amplamente utilizado por ginecologistas e urologistas na abordagem da incontinência urinária (IU) feminina, apesar da discussão sobre suas indicações. Os objetivos do estudo foram verificar se a urodinâmica é utilizada rotineiramente na abordagem conservadora e cirúrgica da IU feminina, e quais outras indicações clínicas, comparando as respostas entre ginecologistas e urologistas brasileiros. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de opinião por meio de um questionário semiestruturado, composto por perguntas sobre a prática clínica em IU, enviado por e-mail a ginecologistas e urologistas, e realizada entre agosto de 2020 e janeiro de 2021. As respostas foram comparadas por meio de análises estatísticas. Resultados: Dos 329 participantes, 238 (72,3%) eram ginecologistas e 91 (27,7%), urologistas. A maioria dos ginecologistas (73,5%) e urologistas (86,6%) não solicita EUD antes do tratamento conservador da IU, mas o EUD é indicado rotineiramente no pré-operatório de cirurgias anti-incontinência. A maioria dos participantes indica EUD na abordagem inicial da bexiga hiperativa (88,2% vs. 96,7%) e há maior chance de o urologista solicitar mais EUD nessa situação (OR = 3,9). Para a maioria dos participantes, é necessário solicitar a urocultura antes do EUD. Conclusão: A maioria dos ginecologistas e urologistas brasileiros não solicita o EUD antes do tratamento conservador da IU, de acordo com as diretrizes nacionais e internacionais, e muitas vezes solicita antes do tratamento cirúrgico da IU feminina. A indicação desse exame na abordagem inicial da bexiga hiperativa idiopática deve ser revisada pelos participantes.(AU)

Effects of perioperative pelvic floor muscle training on early recovery of urinary continence and erectile function in men undergoing radical prostatectomy: a randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Aims: Radical prostatectomy (RP) can result in urinary incontinence (UI) and erectile dysfunction (ED), which negatively impact quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a perioperative pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) program versus usual care on early recovery of urinary continence and erectile function after RP. Materials and Methods: Of 59 eligible men, 31 were randomly allocated into 2 groups: Group 1 (Control, N=15) received usual post-RP care; and Group 2 (Physical therapy, N=16) received two pre-RP physical therapist-guided PFMT sessions, including exercises and electromyographic biofeedback, and verbal and written instructions to continue PFMT until RP, which was then resumed after urethral catheter removal. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF) and the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire were used to evaluate UI and ED, respectively. Results: Demographic characteristics were similar in both groups. Three months after RP, the UI rate was 72.7% and 70.0% in Groups 1 and 2, respectively (P >0.05). The severity and frequency of UI and its impact on QoL were evaluated by the ICIQ-Short Form, with scores of 6.9±6.26 in Group 1 and 7.0±5.12 in Group 2 (P >0.05). The IIEF-5 scores were similar in Groups 1 and 2 (5.73±7.43 vs. 6.70±6.68, respectively) (P >0.05). Conclusion: Our pre-RP protocol of two physical therapist-assisted sessions of PFMT plus instructions did not significantly improve urinary continence or erectile function at 3 months after RP.

Controle postural estático e risco de quedas em mulheres idosas com e sem incontinência urinária / Control postural estático y riesgo de caídas en mujeres ancianas con y sin incontinencia urinaria / Static postural control and risk of falls in older women with and without urinary incontinence

RESUMO A incontinência urinária (IU) está associada à ocorrência de quedas em idosos e pode ter relação com déficits no controle postural. O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar o controle postural estático, na condição de olhos abertos e fechados, e o risco de quedas entre idosas com IU e idosas sem IU. A amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: idosas com IU (n=21, idade=65,33±4,57 anos) e idosas sem IU (n=19, idade=66,37±5,26 anos). As características da perda urinária do grupo com IU foram avaliadas por meio do International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire: Short Form (ICIQ-SF). O controle postural estático dos grupos foi mensurado pelo deslocamento do centro de pressão (COP) por meio de uma plataforma de força; e o risco de quedas foi avaliado pelo teste timed up and go. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste U de Mann-Whitney e o teste qui-quadrado. A maioria das participantes com IU perdiam urina em pequena quantidade e todas perdiam em baixa frequência. Não foi observada diferença entre os grupos em relação às variáveis do COP (p>0,05) e o risco de quedas (p=0,082). Entretanto, na análise intragrupos, houve diferença na velocidade do COP de ambos os grupos na comparação olhos abertos versus olhos fechados (p<0,05). Não houve diferença no controle postural estático e no risco de quedas entre idosas com e sem IU.

RESUMEN La incontinencia urinaria (IU) está asociada con la presencia de caídas en los ancianos y puede estar relacionada con déficits en el control postural de ellos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el control postural estático con los ojos abiertos y con los ojos cerrados y el riesgo de caídas entre mujeres ancianas con IU y mujeres ancianas sin IU. La muestra se dividió en dos grupos: ancianas con IU (n=21, edad=65,33±4,57 años) y ancianas sin IU (n=19, edad=66,37±5,26 años). Las características de pérdida urinaria en el grupo con IU se evaluaron utilizando el International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire: Short Forma (ICIQ-SF). El control postural estático de los grupos se midió por el desplazamiento del centro de presión (COP) por medio de una plataforma de fuerza; y el riesgo de caídas fue evaluado por el test del timed up and go. En el análisis estadístico, se utilizaron la prueba U de Mann-Whitney y la prueba de Chi-cuadrado. La mayoría de las participantes con IU perdieron una pequeña cantidad de orina y todas la perdieron a baja frecuencia. No se observó diferencia entre los grupos en relación con las variables COP (p>0,05) y el riesgo de caídas (p=0,082). Sin embargo, en el análisis intragrupo hubo una diferencia en la velocidad de COP de ambos grupos en la comparación ojos abiertos versus ojos cerrados (p<0,05). No hubo diferencias en el control postural estático y en el riesgo de caídas entre las ancianas con y sin IU.

ABSTRACT Urinary incontinence (UI) is associated with the occurrence of falls in older people and may be related to failure in the postural control of older people. This study aims to compare static postural control under eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions as well as the risk of falls in older women with UI and without UI. The sample was divided in two groups: a group of older women with UI (n=21, age=65.33±4.57 years) and a group of older women without UI (n=19, age=66.37±5.26 years). The urinary loss characteristics of the UI group were evaluated with use of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF). The static postural control of the groups was measured using displacement of center of pressure (COP) through a force platform and the risk of falls was evaluated with the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Statistical analysis was performed using Mann Whitney's U-Testand the chi-square test. Most participants with UI lost urine in small amounts and at low frequency. No difference was observed between the groups with respect to COP variables (p>0.05) and risk of falls (p=0.082). However, in the intragroup analysis, a difference was observed in the COP velocity of both groups comparing open and closed eyes (p<0.05). No difference was observed in the static postural control and risk of falls in older women with and without UI.

Factors affecting urinary continence and sexual potency recovery after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy

ABSTRACT Introduction Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is the most recent surgical technique for localized prostate cancer. The Da Vinci (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA) system was first introduced in Brazil in 2008, with a fast growing number of surgeries performed each year. Objective Our primary endpoint is to analyze possible predictors of functional outcomes, related to patient and tumor features. As secondary endpoint, describe functional outcomes (urinary continence and sexual potency) from RARP performed in the Sírio-Libanês Hospital (SLH), a private institution, in São Paulo, from April 2008 to December 2015. Materials and Method Data from 104 consecutive patients operated by two surgeons from the SLH (MA and SA) between 2008 and 2015, with a minimum 12 months follow-up, were collected. Patient features (age, body mass index - BMI, PSA, date of surgery and sexual function), tumor features (tumor stage, Gleason and surgical margins) and follow-up data (time to reach urinary continence and sexual potency) were the variables collected at 1, 3, 6 and 12 month and every 6 months thereafter. Continence was defined as the use of no pad on medical interview and sexual potency defined as the capability for vaginal penetration with or without fosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. Results Mean age was 60 years old and mean BMI was 28.45 kg/m2. BMI >30kg/m2 (p<0.001) and age (p=0.011) were significant predictors for worse sexual potency after surgery. After 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, 20.7%, 45.7%, 60.9% and 71.8% from patients were potent, respectively. The urinary continence was reached in 36.5%, 80.3%, 88.6% and 92.8% after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively. Until the end of the study, only one patient was incontinent and 20.7% were impotent. Conclusion Age was a predictor of urinary and erectile function recovery in 12 months. BMI was significant factor for potency recovery. We obtained in a private hospital good functional results after 12 months of follow-up.

Hospital care and urinary incontinence in the elderly / Cuidado hospitalario y surgimiento de incontinencia urinaria en personas ancianas / Cuidado hospitalar e surgimento de incontinência urinária em pessoas idosas

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify factors inherent in hospital care that favor urinary incontinence in the elderly. Method: an integrative review with Scopus, CINAHL and Pubmed searches. Includes original articles, no language restriction, published between 2008 and 2018. Rated level of recommendation and level of evidence were assessed using the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine classification. Exploited content through thematic analysis in light of the Donabedian model. Results: 13 articles constituted the sample. There were factors such as the unjustified and indiscriminate use of devices such as the geriatric diaper; hospital structure adversely affecting the needs of the elderly; and deficit in screening, risk identification and underreporting of the problem favor urinary incontinence in the hospitalized elderly. Conclusion: modifiable factors related to hospital structures and care processes favor both the onset and worsening of urinary incontinence in the elderly.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar los factores inherentes al cuidado hospitalario que favorecen el surgimiento de incontinencia urinaria en ancianos. Método: revisión integrativa con búsqueda en las bases Scopus, CINAHL y Pubmed. Incluidos artículos originales, sin restricción de idioma, publicados entre 2008 y 2018. Se evaluó el grado de recomendación y nivel de evidencia a través de la clasificación del Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Explorado contenido a través del análisis temático a la luz de la teoría de Avedis Donabedian. Resultados: 13 artículos constituyeron la muestra. Factores, como el uso no justificado e indiscriminado de dispositivos, como el pañal geriátrico; la estructura hospitalaria es contraria a las necesidades de la persona mayor; y el déficit en el rastreo, identificación de riesgo y subnotificación del problema favorecen el surgimiento de incontinencia urinaria en la persona anciana hospitalizada. Conclusión: factores modificables relacionados a las estructuras hospitalarias y procesos de cuidado favorecen tanto el surgimiento como el empeoramiento de la incontinencia urinaria en la persona anciana.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar os fatores inerentes ao cuidado hospitalar que favorecem o surgimento de incontinência urinária em pessoas idosas. Método: revisão integrativa com busca nas bases Scopus, CINAHL e Pubmed. Incluídos artigos originais, sem restrição de idioma, publicados entre 2008 e 2018. Avaliado o grau de recomendação e nível de evidência por meio da classificação do Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Explorado conteúdo por meio da análise temática à luz da teoria de Avedis Donabedian. Resultados: 13 artigos constituíram a amostra. Fatores, como o uso não justificado e indiscriminado de dispositivos, como a fralda geriátrica; a estrutura hospitalar adversa às necessidades da pessoa idosa; e o déficit no rastreio, identificação de risco e subnotificação do problema favorecem o surgimento de incontinência urinária na pessoa idosa hospitalizada. Conclusão: fatores modificáveis relacionados às estruturas hospitalares e processos de cuidado favorecem tanto o surgimento quanto a piora da incontinência urinária na pessoa idosa.

Pelvic floor muscle training alone or in combination with oxybutynin in treatment of nonmonosymptomatic enuresis. A randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow up / Exercícios dos músculos do assoalho pélvico exclusivos ou em combinação com oxibutinina no tratamento da enurese não monossintomática. Um estudo randomizado controlado com 2 anos de seguimento

Abstract Objective To compare the results of the standard urotherapy alone and associated with pelvic floor muscle training alone, and in combination with oxybutynin in treatment of nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Methods A total of 38 children aged 5 to 10 years were randomized into three groups: Group I (n=12) that was submitted to standard urotherapy; Group II (n=15), standard urotherapy associated with pelvic floor muscle training; and Group III (n=11), standard urotherapy associated with pelvic floor muscle training and oxybutynin; the treatment lasted 12 weeks. The assessment tools used were playful bladder diary, and a 48-hour bladder diary, before and after treatment. After 2 years, patients were assessed by telephone using a standardized questionnaire. Results The data of children from the three groups were homogeneous at baseline. After 12-week treatment, all children showed improved symptoms and signs of nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis, but the differences were not significant among the groups. After 2 years, the three groups showed maintenance of treatment results, but no differences among them. Conclusion All treatment modalities were effective regarding improved enuresis and lower urinary tract symptoms, but the sample was not large enough to show differences among groups.

Resumo Objetivo Comparar os resultados da uroterapia padrão isolada e associada ao treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico isoladamente e em combinação com a oxibutinina no tratamento da enurese noturna não monossintomática. Métodos Trinta e oito crianças entre 5 e 10 anos de idade foram randomizadas em três grupos: Grupo I (n=12) realizou uroterapia padrão; Grupo II (n=15) realizou uroterapia padrão associada ao treinamento muscular do assoalho pélvico; e Grupo III (n=11) realizou uroterapia padrão associada ao treinamento muscular do assoalho pélvico e oxibutinina. O tratamento teve duração de 12 semanas. Os instrumentos de avaliação foram diário miccional lúdico e diário miccional de 48 horas, antes e depois do tratamento. Após 2 anos, os pacientes foram avaliados por telefone, usando um questionário padronizado. Resultados Os dados das crianças dos três grupos eram homogêneos no início do estudo. Após 12 semanas de tratamento, todas as crianças apresentaram melhora em relação aos sinais e sintomas de enurese noturna não monossintomática, mas as diferenças não foram significativas entre os grupos. Depois de 2 anos, os resultados do tratamento se mantiveram nos três grupos, mas não houve diferenças entre os grupos. Conclusão As três modalidades de tratamento foram eficazes na melhora da enurese e dos sintomas do trato urinário inferior, mas o tamanho da amostra não foi grande o suficiente para mostrar diferenças entre os grupos.

Incontinencia urinaria en el adulto mayor / Urinary incontinence in the elderly

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La incontinencia urinaria (IU) corresponde a la pérdida involuntaria de orina. En la medida en que la población envejece, aumenta su prevalencia y severidad. Objetivo: Describir el impacto de la incontinencia de orina en la población adulto mayor, así como conocer su fisiopatología e implicancias en la calidad de vida. Método: Revisión de la literatura disponible en PubMed, Embase y Medline utilizando los términos "urinary incontinence" y "elderly" entre los años 1990 y 2018. Resultados: La IU en el adulto mayor impacta negativamente en la calidad de vida de esta población, teniendo una multiplicidad de causas subyacentes que implican un tratamiento integral y multidisciplinario de esta patología. Conclusión: Dado el incremento de la edad en la población, conocer y manejar esta patología es importante para el clínico y el especialista para que de esta forma mejore la calidad de vida en este grupo etario.

ABSTRACT Background: Urinary incontinence (UI) is the involuntary loss of urine. The prevalence and severity of this condition increase as population ages. Objective: To describe the impact urinary incontinence in the elderly population, as well as to know its pathophysiology and implications in the quality of life. Method: Review of the literature available in PubMed, Embase and Medline using the keywords "urinary incontinence" and "elderly" between 1990 and 2018. Results: UI in the elderly has a negative impact on their quality of life, having a multiplicity of underlying causes that imply a comprehensive and multidisciplinary treatment of this pathology. Conclusion: Given the age increase in general population, knowing and managing this pathology is important for the clinician and the specialist to improve the quality of life in this age group.

Evaluation of urodynamic parameters after sling surgery in men with post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate urodynamic alterations after sub-urethral sling surgery (SSU) in patients with post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence (PPUI). Materials and Methods: We evaluated data of 22 patients submitted to radical prosta- tectomy (RP) or transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) that presented post-surgical urinary incontinence and were treated with SSU implant in a pilot study previously performed in our institution. Methods: Those patients with PPUI were evaluated by urodynamic exam (UD) before and after surgery, and the parameters were compared, including uroflow, cystometry and micturition study. Exclusion criteria included patients without pre-operatory urodynamic study, those with urethral stenosis, those not healed of prostate cancer, pa- tients without clinical conditions to be submitted to urodynamic study and those with severe neurological diseases or that refused to sign the consent form. Results were analyzed statistically by Fisher, Wilcoxon or Mann-Whitney tests. Results: During free uroflow, none parameters showed any statistical significant differ- ences. During cystometry, there were also no statistical differences and the same was observed at pressure versus flow study; the exception was at maximal flow detrusor pressure (PdetQmax), that was lower at post-operatory (p=0.028). In relation to the presence of urinary dysfunctions associated to PPUI, we observed a significant reduc- tion of detrusor overactivity (p=0.035) in relation to pre-operatory period. Conclusion: SSU surgery significantly reduced detrusor overactivity and PdetQMax; however, there were no alterations of other evaluated urodynamic parameters.

Problemas de sono em idosos estão associados a sexo feminino, dor e incontinência urinária / Sleep disturbances in older adults are associated to female sex, pain and urinary incontinence

RESUMO: Objetivos: A prevalência de problemas de sono em idosos, como insônia, é uma questão relevante em nossa sociedade. A má qualidade do sono, por exemplo, é vista por muitos como um resultado inevitável do envelhecimento. Neste contexto, este estudo teve como objetivo estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados a distúrbios do sono em homens e mulheres idosos (60 anos ou mais). Métodos: O presente trabalho é parte do estudo de coorte Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento (SABE), realizado em São Paulo, Brasil. A amostra deste estudo transversal constituiu-se de 1.334 idosos com 60 anos ou mais. Os distúrbios foram avaliados com base nas respostas dos participantes, levando em conta se eles tinham experimentado qualquer perturbação do sono no mês anterior. Resultados: Dentre os avaliados, 44,9% indicaram distúrbios do sono em geral, sendo esses mais frequentes em mulheres (51,5%) e na faixa etária de 75 a 79 anos (48,2%). De acordo com a análise de regressão, gênero, doenças articulares, noctúria e incontinência urinária foram associados aos distúrbios, sobre os quais também foi verificado que seu aumento não é linearmente dependente da idade. Conclusões: Sexo, dor, incontinência urinária e noctúria são fatores associados a distúrbios do sono em idosos. Assim, concluímos que a sua ausência está associada ao gênero e ao estado de saúde.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: The prevalence of sleep problems in elderly, such as insomnia, is a relevant issue in our society. Poor sleep quality is viewed by many as an inevitable result of aging. In this context, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of sleeping disturbances in elderly men and women (60 years and older). Methods: The present study is part of SABE Study (Health, Well-being and Aging), a cohort conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. The sample included in the present cross-sectional study comprised 1,334 elderly people aged 60 years or older. Sleep disturbances were assessed based on responses of study participants on whether they had experienced any sleep disturbance in the past month. Results: Among the elderly assessed, 44.9% had overall sleep disturbances, which were more frequent in women (51.5%) and in 75 to 79 years old (48.2%). According to the regression analysis, the variables gender, joint diseases, as well as nocturia and urinary incontinence, were associated with sleep disorders. Increase in sleep disturbances was found not to be linearly age-dependent. Conclusions: Gender, pain, urinary and nocturia incontinence were factors associated with sleep disorders. Thus, we might conclude that the absence of sleep disturbances in older adults depends on gender and health status.

Anterior six arms prolene mesh for high stage vaginal prolapse: five years follow-up

ABSTRACT Introduction In high stage vaginal prolapse, recurrence risk patients, anterior and apical defects need to be addressed in the same procedure. The pre-molded commercial mesh kits are expensive and not always available. Alternative effective and safe treatment ways, with lower costs are desirable. Objective To present long term follow-up of patients treated with a homemade mesh shape to correct high stage prolapses. Materials and Methods We describe prospectively 18 patients with anterior and apical vaginal prolapses, stages III and IV, repaired using this specific design of mesh. All patients were submitted to pre-operative clinical evaluation and urodynamics. Prolapse was classified using the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP-Q). Intervention Prolapse surgery, using a six arms prolene mesh, through a single anterior vaginal incision. Outcome Measurements: POP-Q, patients satisfaction, descriptive statistical analysis. Results Between February 2009 and Oct 2010, 18 consecutive women underwent the above-mentioned surgery. Mean age was 68 years. At a mean follow-up of .,4 years (5 to 5.8 years), 16 (89%) patients were continent, mean Ba point came from +4.7cm to - 2.5cm, mean C point from +2.8cm to -6.6cm and mean Bp point from +1.3 to -1.7cm. There were two (11%) objective failures, but all the patients were considered success subjectively. There were two cases of mesh vaginal extrusion. Conclusions The homemade six arms prolene mesh allows concomitant correction of anterior and apical prolapses, through a single anterior vaginal incision, being an effective, safe and affordable treatment option when mesh is needed.

Urethral pressure variation: a neglected contributing factor in patients with overactive bladder syndrome?

ABSTRACT Objective To study urethral pressure variations during the whole filling phase among different groups of patients. Material and Methods We investigated 79 consecutive patients from January 2011 to June 2012. All patients were recruited within our routine practice in our continence clinic and were evaluated with urodynamic exam according to the standards of the International Continence Society (ICS) with an additional continuous measurement of the urethral pressure profile (cUPP) that was done in a supine position. Patients with genital prolapse >grade I, as well as patients with impaired cognitive function or neurogenic disorders were excluded. Bacteriuria at the time of investigation was excluded by urine analysis. Urethral pressure changes higher than 15cmH2O were considered as ‘urethral instability’. Results From 79 investigated patients, 29 were clinically diagnosed with OAB syndrome, 19 with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and 31 with mixed (OAB and SUI) incontinence. The prevalence of ‘urethral instability’ as defined in this study was 54.4% (43/79). The mean Δp in patients with OAB (36.5cmH2O) was significantly higher (p<0.05) than in groups with pure stress (14.9cmH2O) and mixed urinary incontinence (19.3cmH2O). Conclusions Etiology of ‘urethral instability’ is unknown, but high prevalence among patients with overactive bladder syndrome, especially concomitant with detrusor activity can raise a fair question and direct further diagnostic as well as treatment efforts.

Female urinary incontinence and sexuality

ABSTRACT Urinary incontinence is a common problem among women and it is estimated that between 15 and 55% of them complain of lower urinary symptoms. The most prevalent form of urinary incontinence is associated with stress, followed by mixed urinary incontinence and urge urinary incontinence. It is a symptom with several effects on quality of life of women mainly in their social, familiar and sexual domains. Female reproductive and urinary systems share anatomical structures, which promotes that urinary problems interfere with sexual function in females. This article is a review of both the concepts of female urinary incontinence and its impact on global and sexual quality of life. Nowadays, it is assumed that urinary incontinence, especially urge urinary incontinence, promotes anxiety and several self-esteem damages in women. The odour and the fear of incontinence during sexual intercourse affect female sexual function and this is related with the unpredictability and the chronicity of incontinence, namely urge urinary incontinence. Female urinary incontinence management involves conservative (pelvic floor muscle training), surgical and pharmacological treatment. Both conservative and surgical treatments have been studied about its benefit in urinary incontinence and also the impact among female sexual function. Unfortunately, there are sparse articles that evaluate the benefits of female sexual function with drug management of incontinence.

Prevalence and factors associated with urinary incontinence in climacteric / Prevalência e fatores associados à incontinência urinária no climatério

SUMMARY Objective: To estimate the prevalence and identify associated factors to urinary incontinence (UI) in climacteric women. Method: In a cross-sectional study with a stratified random sample, 1,200 women aged between 35 and 72 years were studied, enrolled in the Family Health Strategy in the city of Pindamonhangaba, São Paulo. Urinary incontinence was investigated using the International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form, while associated factors were assessed based on a self-reported questionnaire with socio-demographic, obstetric and gynecological history, morbidities and drug use. The prevalence of urinary incontinence was estimated with a 95% confidence interval (95CI) and the associated factors were identified through multiple logistic regression model performed using Stata software, version 11.0. Results: Women had a mean age of 51.9 years, most were in menopause (59.4%), married (87.5%), Catholic (48.9%), and declared themselves black or brown (47.2%). The mean age of menopause of women with UI was 47.3 years. The prevalence of UI was 20.4% (95CI: 17.8-23.1%). The factors associated with UI were urinary loss during pregnancy (p=0.000) and after delivery (p=0.000), genital prolapse (p=0.000), stress (p=0.001), depression (p=0.002), and obesity (p=0.006). Conclusion: The prevalence of UI was lower but similar to that found in most similar studies. Factors associated with the genesis of UI were urinary loss during pregnancy and after delivery, genital prolapse and obesity.

RESUMO Objetivo: estimar a prevalência e identificar os possíveis fatores associados à incontinência urinária (IU) em mulheres no climatério. Método: em estudo analítico transversal com amostra aleatória estratificada, foram estudadas 1.200 mulheres, entre 35 e 72 anos, cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Pindamonhangaba, SP. A IU foi investigada por meio do International Consultation of Incontinence Questionnaire – Short Form e os fatores associados, por meio de questionário autorreferido, contendo informações sociodemográficas, história ginecológica e obstétrica, morbidades e uso de medicamentos. Estimou-se a prevalência da incontinência urinária com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%), e os fatores associados foram identificados por meio de um modelo de regressão logística múltipla realizada no Programa Stata, versão 11.0. Resultados: as mulheres apresentavam média etária de 51,9 anos, estavam na menopausa (59,4%), eram casadas (87,5%), católicas (48,9%) e declararam-se negras ou pardas (47,2%). A média de idade da menopausa das mulheres com IU foi de 47,3 anos. A prevalência de IU foi de 20,4% (IC95%: 17,8-23,1). Os fatores associados à IU foram perda urinária na gestação (p=0,000) e no pós-parto (p=0,000), prolapso genital (p=0,000), estresse (p=0,001), depressão (p=0,002) e obesidade (p=0,006). Conclusão: a prevalência de IU foi inferior, mas semelhante à encontrada na maioria dos estudos análogos. Os fatores associados à gênese da IU foram perda urinária na gestação e no pós-parto, prolapso genital e obesidade.

Predictive value of clinical history compared with urodynamic study in 1, 179 women / Valor preditivo positivo da história clínica comparado ao estudo urodinâmico em 1. 179 mulheres

SUMMARY Objective: to determine the positive predictive value of clinical history in comparison with urodynamic study for the diagnosis of urinary incontinence. Methods: retrospective analysis comparing clinical history and urodynamic evaluation of 1,179 women with urinary incontinence. The urodynamic study was considered the gold standard, whereas the clinical history was the new test to be assessed. This was established after analyzing each method as the gold standard through the difference between their positive predictive values. Results: the positive predictive values of clinical history compared with urodynamic study for diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder and mixed urinary incontinence were, respectively, 37% (95% CI 31-44), 40% (95% CI 33-47) and 16% (95% CI 14-19). Conclusion: we concluded that the positive predictive value of clinical history was low compared with urodynamic study for urinary incontinence diagnosis. The positive predictive value was low even among women with pure stress urinary incontinence.

RESUMO Objetivo: determinar o valor preditivo positivo da história clínica em comparação ao estudo urodinâmico para o diagnóstico da incontinência urinária. Método: análise retrospectiva comparando história clínica e avaliação urodinâmica em 1.179 mulheres com incontinência urinária. O estudo urodinâmico foi considerado padrão-ouro, e a história clínica, o novo teste a ser avaliado. Isso foi estabelecido após análise de cada método como padrão-ouro pela diferença entre seus valores preditivos positivos. Resultados: o valor preditivo positivo da história clínica comparado ao estudo urodinâmico para diagnóstico de incontinência urinária de esforço, bexiga hiperativa e incontinência urinária mista foram, respectivamente, 37% (IC95% 31-44), 40% (IC95% 33-47) e 16% (IC95% 14-19). Conclusão: o valor preditivo positivo da história clínica foi baixo quando comparado ao estudo urodinâmico para diagnóstico de incontinência urinária. O valor preditivo positivo foi baixo mesmo em mulheres com incontinência urinária de esforço pura.

Impacto do tipo de incontinência urinária sobre a qualidade de vida de usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde no Sudeste do Brasil / Effect of the type of urinary incontinence on the quality of life of patients in the public healthcare system in Southeastern Brazil

Identificar o impacto da incontinência urinária (IU) sobre a qualidade de vida (QV), comparar os escores dos domínios de QV em mulheres com incontinência de esforço (IUE), bexiga hiperativa (BH) e incontinência mista (IUM) e estabelecer a associação entre o tipo clínico de IU e o impacto sobre a QV.

Evaluation of female overactive bladder using urodynamics: relationship with female voiding dysfunction

ABSTRACTPurpose:To investigate the role of urodynamic study (UDS) in female patients with overactive bladder (OAB) analyzing the relationship between OAB symptoms and female voiding dysfunction (FVD).Materials and Methods:We analyzed the clinical and urodynamic data of 163 women with OAB symptoms. OAB symptoms were categorized as dry and wet. FVD was described as detrusor underactivity (DUA), which was defined as a maximum flow rate (Qmax) of ≤15mL/s associated with a detrusor pressure at Qmax (PdetQmax) of ≤20cmH2O, along with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), which was defined as a Qmax of ≤15mL/s with a PdetQmax of >20cmH2O. Clinical and urodynamic results were compared between patients with dry and wet symptoms and between those with and without FVD.Results:78 (47.9%) had dry, and 85 (52.1%) had wet symptoms. The entire group had a relatively low Qmax (15.1±6.6mL/s) and relatively high number of BOO (42.9%, 70/163) and DUA (8.6%, 14/163). A significantly higher number of patients with wet symptoms had detrusor overactivity compared to those with dry, as detected by the UDS (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in BOO and DUA number between dry and wet groups. Further, the international prostate symptom score did not different significantly between patients with and without FVD.Conclusion:A significant number of women with OAB had voiding dysfunction. However, the OAB symptoms themselves were not useful for predicting the presence of FVD. Therefore, UDS may be necessary for accurate diagnosis in women with OAB symptoms.

Quality of life in women with urinary incontinence / Qualidade de vida em mulheres com incontinência urinária

Summary The aim of this study is to examine the relationship among psychological, clinical and sociodemographic variables, and quality of life in women with urinary incontinence. The sample consisted of 80 women diagnosed with urinary incontinence (UI) followed in a Northern Central Hospital in Portugal. Participants answered the Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL); Satisfaction with Sexual Relationship Questionnaire (SSRQ); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS) and the Brief Cope. The results revealed that women with higher quality of life considered their symptoms of urine loss as mild or moderated compared to those with severe urine loss. The less severe urine loss was associated with greater sexual satisfaction and less use of religion and self-blame as coping strategies. In terms of coping, women who considered the loss of urine as severe expressed more feelings regarding UI. Stress urinary incontinence, high sexual satisfaction, and less use of denial, distraction, and religion as coping strategies, predicted higher quality of life. According to the results, UI has an impact on women’s sexual satisfaction and quality of life. Therefore, intervention programs should target these women, including their partners, helping them to adjust to their condition and teaching effective coping strategies in order to improve their sexual satisfaction and quality of life.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre variáveis clínicas, psicológicas, sociodemográficas e de qualidade de vida em mulheres com incontinência urinária. A amostra foi composta de 80 mulheres com diagnóstico de incontinência urinária (IU), seguido em um Hospital Central do Norte de Portugal. As participantes responderam: Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL); Satisfaction with Sexual Relationship Questionnaire (SSRQ); Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales (HADS) e o Brief Cope. Os resultados revelaram que as mulheres com uma maior qualidade de vida consideraram seus sintomas de perda de urina como leves ou moderados, em comparação àquelas com perda de urina grave. A perda de urina menos grave foi associada à maior satisfação sexual e menos uso de religião e autoculpabilização como estratégias de enfrentamento. Em termos de enfrentamento, as mulheres que consideraram a perda de urina como grave expressaram mais sentimentos em relação à IU. Incontinência urinária de esforço, alta satisfação sexual e menos uso da negação, distração e religião, como estratégias de enfrentamento, previram maior qualidade de vida. De acordo com os resultados, a IU tem um impacto na satisfação e na qualidade de vida sexual das mulheres. Assim, os programas de intervenção devem visar a essas mulheres, incluindo seus parceiros, ajudando-as a adaptar-se à sua condição e ensinar-lhes estratégias eficazes de enfrentamento, a fim de melhorar sua satisfação sexual e qualidade de vida.